Idioms Expressões Idiomáticas Expressões idiomáticas são frases que não devem ser traduzidas ao pé da letra. O significado de uma expressão idiomática é muito diferente do significado de cada uma das palavras separadamente. Por exemplo: "The red car caught my eye." Sabemos que um carro não pode agarrar e que um olho não pode ser lançado. Precisamos entender o significado da expressão “caught my eye” para compreender o que está sendo dito. Que nesse caso, quer dizer que "o carro vermelho chamou minha atenção". Essa é uma lista de expressões idiomáticas com exemplos de como podem ser usadas: A about to Peggy is about to leave. in advance We booked the tickets in advance. alive and kicking I love Berlin. It’s alive and kicking. all of a sudden I went out in the sun. Then, all of a sudden, it started to rain. all over the place There are environmental problems all over the place. B to go from bad to worse My marks went from bad to worse last term. to bag sb. Tom bagged this special offer at an online-shop. beat-up Mark is too beat-up to play tennis this evening. to do the best He always does his best. blabber Don’t listen to him, he’s a blabber. to blag sb. Once in a while young Tim blags his father’s cigarettes. bloody What a bloody day! to be blue She’s been feeling blue all day. bouncer A bouncer’s task is to keep out those who might cause trouble. be broke I can’t go to the cinema with you, I’m broke. to brush up on sb. I have to brush up on my Spanish. buck You can buy a DVD player for less than 100 bucks (dollars). butt You’re a pain in the butt. buzz Parachuting gives me a real buzz. Buzz off! Buzz off! I have told you not to come to my place anymore. C a close call I had a close call. A stone almost hit me! to catch sb. Sorry, I didn’t quite catch your telephone number. to catch cold I walked out in the rain, so I caught cold. not to have a clue I don’t have a clue about repairing the faucet. Come off it! Come off it! This isn’t the truth. as far as I’m concerned As far as I’m concerned, I’d like to watch the film. cop A big crowd of cops gathered in front of the Bank of England. corner shop Mother really liked corner shops when she was a child. cram school Many pupils have to go to a cram school in the afternoon. on credit I’d not buy the new TV on credit. cut Mr Brown made big cuts of $500 million. D damned I hate going through that damned rush hour. to dig in one’s heels If you take or express an opinion and refuse to change it, you dig in your heels. to disrespect sb. Poor people shouldn’t be disrespected. to do one’s best He does his best to fix the car. to do someone good Let’s go on a holiday. The sun will do us good. to do without If there’s no milk for the tea, it’ll do without. down under Down under will be my next destination. E to be up to one’s ears Sorry, I can’t go out with you. I’m up to my ears in work. every now and then Every now and then I play the piano. every other He comes to me every other week. to see eye to eye World Bank and IMF see eye to eye on Asia F fair enough Fair enough! Let’s go out for dinner tonight. fiddle Especially fiddles are necessary to play folk music. to keep the fingers crossed I have to see the doctor for a checkup. – I’ll keep my fingers crossed for you. flutter The old lady loves a flutter on the slot machine. folk We all are fond of the Irish folk. for free I was lucky. I got this CD for free. freak out Ron freaked out when he heard that Peter had broken his car. fridge Butter must be kept in the fridge. G to get a lot of stick In his new job Jack gets a lot of stick. to get cold feet He wanted to speak to the boss, but he didn’t. He got cold feet. to get fed up with sb. They get fed up with their neighbour’s parties. to get rid of sb. We have to get rid of that old car. to get sb. Jason, did you finally get your exercise? to take sth. for granted I took it for granted the meeting was on Tuesday. greasy spoon I’d rather starve instead of eating at a greasy spoon. groovy This cocktail tastes groovy. guy Jennifer fell in love with the guy from the supermarket. H had better You’d better go now. on the other hand Sue likes pop music, on the other hand she doesn’t like discos. to give a hand Can you give me a hand with the cupboard? hard graft Building our house has been a hard graft. by heart My brother has to learn the poem by heart. hip Molly always knows what’s hip. to hold s.o.’s horses Hold your horses," I said when John began to leave the room. to be hooked on sth. Bill is hooked on car racing. J to jump down sb.’s throat The boss jumped down my throat because I was late for work. K knackered What has happened? You look so knackered. to keep an eye on sth./sb. Will you keep an eye on my baby? L little by little Andrew had an accident while playing ice-hockey. Little by little he begins to walk. to look forward to sb. I look forward to my holidays in Rome. M to make ends meet She’s been out of work for years. How can she make ends meet with four children? to make friends
RELATIONSHIPS (RELACIONAMENTOS) Friendship – amizade Acquaintance – conhecido(a) Friend – amigo(a) Good friend – bom amigo / boa amiga Best friend – melhor amigo / amiga Classmate – colega de aula Workmate / colleague – colega de trabalho Boyfriend / girlfriend – namorado / namorada Fiancé / fiancée – noivo/noiva Wedding – cerimônia de casamento Marriage – casamento Marriage Partner – cônjuge Wife / husband – esposa/marido Divorce – divórcio Ex – ex Date – namorar Get engaged – noivar (com alguém) Get married – casar-se (com alguém) Like – gostar Love – amar Adore – adorar Worship – venerar Idolise – idolatrar Respect – respeitar Admire – admirar Attract – atrair Dislike – desgostar Hate – odiar Despise – desprezar
Expressões idiomáticas Essa lista foi feita por ordem alfabética, e traz expressões, ditados populares enfim, palavras que usamos no dia a dia em Portugues e que a partir de agora você vai saber como usar também em Inglês. Lista das expressões idiomáticas em ingles A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush: Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might lose everything. A Blessing In Disguise: Something good that isn’t recognized at first. A Chip On Your Shoulder: Being upset for something that happened in the past. A Dime A Dozen: Anything that is common and easy to get. A Doubting Thomas: A skeptic who needs physical or personal evidence in order to believe something. A Drop in the Bucket: A very small part of something big or whole. A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted: It’s easy for a foolish person to lose his/her money. A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand: Everyone involved must unify and function together or it will not work out. A Leopard Can’t Change His Spots: You cannot change who you are. A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned: By not spending money, you are saving money (little by little). A Picture Paints a Thousand Words: A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words. A Piece of Cake: A task that can be accomplished very easily. A Slap on the Wrist: A very mild punishment. A Taste Of Your Own Medicine: When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others. A Toss-Up: A result that is still unclear and can go either way. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: It’s better to actually do something than just talk about it. Add Fuel To The Fire: Whenever something is done to make a bad situation even worse than it is. Against The Clock: Rushed and short on time. All Bark And No Bite: When someone is threatening and/or aggressive but not willing to engage in a fight. All Greek to me: Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or understand any of the Greek language would be. All In The Same Boat: When everyone is facing the same challenges. An Arm And A Leg: Very expensive. A large amount of money. An Axe To Grind: To have a dispute with someone. Apple of My Eye: Someone who is cherished above all others. As High As A Kite: Anything that is high up in the sky. At The Drop Of A Hat: Willing to do something immediately. B Back Seat Driver: People who criticize from the sidelines, much like someone giving unwanted advice from the back seat of a vehicle to the driver. Back To Square One: Having to start all over again. Back To The Drawing Board: When an attempt fails and it’s time to start all over. Baker’s Dozen: Thirteen. Barking Up The Wrong Tree: A mistake made in something you are trying to achieve. Beat A Dead Horse: To force an issue that has already ended. Beating Around The Bush: Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue. Bend Over Backwards: Do whatever it takes to help. Willing to do anything. Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Stuck between two very bad options. Bite Off More Than You Can Chew: To take on a task that is way to big. Bite Your Tongue: To avoid talking. Blood Is Thicker Than Water: The family bond is closer than anything else. Blue Moon: A rare event or occurance. Break A Leg: A superstitious way to say ‘good luck’ without saying ‘good luck’, but rather the opposite. Buy A Lemon: To purchase a vehicle that constantly gives problems or stops running after you drive it away. C Can’t Cut The Mustard : Someone who isn’t adequate enough to compete or participate. Cast Iron Stomach: Someone who has no problems, complications or ill effects with eating anything or drinking anything. Charley Horse: Stiffness in the leg / A leg cramp. Chew someone out: Verbally scold someone. Chip on his Shoulder: Angry today about something that occured in the past. Chow Down: To eat. Close but no Cigar: To be very near and almost accomplish a goal, but fall short. Cock and Bull Story: An unbelievable tale. Come Hell Or High Water: Any difficult situation or obstacle. Crack Someone Up: To make someone laugh. Cross Your Fingers: To hope that something happens the way you want it to. Cry Over Spilt Milk: When you complain about a loss from the past. Cry Wolf: Intentionally raise a false alarm. Cup Of Joe: A cup of coffee. Curiosity Killed The Cat: Being Inquisitive can lead you into a dangerous situation. Cut to the Chase: Leave out all the unnecessary details and just get to the point. D Dark Horse: One who was previously unknown and is now prominent. Dead Ringer: 100% identical. A duplicate. Devil’s Advocate: Someone who takes a position for the sake of argument without believing in that particular side of the arguement. It can also mean one who presents a counter argument for a position they do believe in, to another debater. Dog Days of Summer: The hottest days of the summer season. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch: Don’t rely on it until your sure of it. Don’t Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth: When someone gives you a gift, don’t be ungrateful. Don’t Put All Your Eggs In One Basket: Do not put all your resources in one possibility. Doozy: Something outstanding. Down To The Wire: Something that ends at the last minute or last few seconds. Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures: When you are extremely desperate you need to take extremely desperate actions. Drink like a fish: To drink very heavily. Drive someone up the wall: To irritate and/or annoy very much. Dropping Like Flies: A large number of people either falling ill or dying. Dry Run: Rehearsal. E
Glossary of Aviation terms & Acronymns A/A Air-to-Air A/C Aircraft A/G Air-to-Ground AAA Anti-Aircraft Artillery ABORT(ING)(ED) Directive/informative to cease action/attack/event/mission. AC Aircraft ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACAS Airborne Collision and Avoidance System ACF Area Control Facility ACTION Directive to initiate a briefed attack sequence or maneuver. ACTIVE An emitter is radiating. ADD( ) Directive call to add a specific (system) or (EOB category) to search responsibility. ADF Attitude Director lndicator ADF Automatic Direction Finder AERA Automated Enroute Air Traffic Control AGL Above Ground Level AGM Air-to-Ground Missile AI Air Interdiction/Air Intercept AIC Air Intercept Control AIM Air Intercept Missile ALARM Directive/informative indicating the termination of EMCON procedures. ALCP Air Logistics Command Post ALLIGATOR Link-11/ TADIL A. ALPHA CHECK Request for/confirmation of bearing and range to described point. ALT Altitude AM Amplitude Modulation ANCHOR(ED) 1. Orbit about a specific point; refueling track flown by tanker. 2. Informative to indicate a turning engagement about a specific location. ANGELS Height of friendly aircraft in thousands of feet AO Area of Operations AOR Area Of Responsibility APRT Airport APU Auxiliary Power Unit ARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporated ARIZONA No ARM ordnance remaining. ARM Anti-Radiation Missiles ARTS Automated Radar Terminal System ARTTC Air Route Traffic Control Center AS FRAGGED Unit or element will be performing exactly as stated by the air tasking order. ASCM Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles ASI Air Speed Indicator ASM Anti-Ship Missile ASOS Automatic Surface Observation System ATC Air Traffic Control (a generic term for a joint civil/military system for controlling traffic within a specific area) ATCT Air Traffic Control Tower ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service (recorded voice message that provides weather and airport services information) ATM Air Tasking Message ATO Air Tasking Order ATSC Air Traffic Service Communications (Communications related to air traffic services. This includes ATC, aeronautical and meteorological Information, position reporting and services related to safety and regularity of flight) AUTHENTICATE To request or provide a response for a coded challenge. AUTOCAT Any communications relay using automatic retransmissions. AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System AZIMUTH Two or more groups primarily separated in bearing. BANDIT An aircraft identified as enemy, in accordance with theater ID criteria. The term does not necessarily imply direction or authority to engage. BANZAI Informative or directive to execute launch and decide tactics. BASE (Number) Reference number used to indicate such information as headings, altitude, fuels, etc. BEAD WINDOW Last transmission potentially disclosed unauthorized information. BEAM(ING) Target stabilized within 70 to 110 degree aspect; (Direction) generally given with cardinal directions: east, west, north, south. BENT System indicated is inoperative. BINGO 1. Fuel state needed for recovery. 2. Proceed/ am proceeding to specified base (field) or carrier. BIRD Friendly surface-to-air missile (SAM). BIRD(S) AFFIRM S/A informative indicating unit is able and prepared to engage a specified target with SAMs (presumes target is within or will enter the SAM engagement envelope). BIRD(S) AWAY Friendly SAM has been fired at designated target. BIRD(S) NEGAT S/A informative indicating unit is unable to engage a specified target with SAMs. Opposite of BIRD(S) AFFIRM. BITTERSWEET Notification of possible BLUE ON BLUE situation relative to a designated track or friendly aircraft. BLANK A SEAD aircraft does not detect any emitters of interest. BLIND No visual contact with friendly aircraft/ground position. Opposite of VISUAL. BLOW THROUGH Directive/informative call that indicates aircraft will continue straight ahead at the merge and not turn with target/targets. BOGEY A radar or visual air contact whose identity is unknown. BOGEY DOPE Request for target information as briefed/available. BOX Groups/contacts/formations in a square or offset square. BRAA Bearing, Range, Altitude, Aspect. Tactical control format providing target bearing, range, altitude, and aspect, relative to a friendly aircraft. BRACKET Indicates geometry where friendly aircraft will maneuver to a position on opposing sides, either laterally or vertically from the target. BREAK (Direction) Directive to perform an immediate maximum performance turn in the direction indicated. Assumes a defensive situation. BREAKAWAY Tanker or receiver directive call indicating immediate vertical and nose/tail separation between tanker and receiver is required. BREVITY Radio frequency is becoming saturated/degraded or jammed and briefer transmissions must follow. BROADCAST Request/directive to switch to broadcast control. BROKE LOCK Loss of radar/IR lock-on (advisory). BRUISER Friendly air launched anti-ship missile (ASM) (e.g., HARPOON, EXOCET, PENGUIN). BUDDY LOCK Locked to a known friendly aircraft. Normally a response to a SPIKED OR BUDDY SPIKE call and accompanied with position/heading/altitude. BUDDY SPIKE Friendly aircraft air-to-air indication on RWR. To be followed by position/heading/altitude. BUGOUT Separation from that particular engagement/attack/operation; (Direction) no intent to reengage/return. BULLDOG Friendly surface/submarine launched anti-ship missile (ASM) (e.g., HARPOON, EXOCET, OTOMAT). BULLSEYE An established point from which the position of an object can be referenced. Made by cardinal/range or digital format. BUMP/BUMP-UP A fly-up to acquire LOS to the target or laser designation. BURN GLINT used to provide illumination. BUSTER Directive call to fly at max continuous speed (military power). BUZZER Electronic communications jamming. BVR Beyond Visual Range C2 Command and Control CANDYGRAM Informative call to aircraft that EW targeting information is available on a briefed secure net. CAP Civil Air Patrol CAP Combat Air Patrol CAP/CAPPING 1. Directive call to establish an (Location) orbit at a specified location. 2. An orbit at an specified location. CAPTURED Aircrew has identified and is able to track a specified A/G target with an on-board sensor. CAT I Facility providing operation down to 200 feet decision height and runway visual range not less than 2600 feet. CAT II Facility providing operation down to 100 feet decision height and runway visual range not less than 1200 feet. CAT II a Facility providing operation with no decision height limit to and along the surface of the runway with external visual reference during final phase of landing and with a runway visual range not less than 700 feet. CEASE In air defense, break the ENGAGEMENT engagement on the target specified. Missiles in flight will continue to intercept. CEASE FIRE Do not open fire or discontinue firing; complete intercept if weapons are in flight; continue to track.
Glossary of Musical Instruments The following include a selection of musical instruments recorded, photographed, or sketched for the California Folk Music Project Collection. Information cited in quotes is taken from the WPA Final Report for the Project, entitled "A Study of California Folk Music," pp. 8-11. Browse by instrument: Banjo: "American. . . 5-string banjo." Blul: Also called blur. "The performer called it a "syrinx," but "it is probably a mistake . . . It is a single flute whose aperture is round, not closed or shaped in any way, except that its diameter is slightly less at the mouthpiece than at the bell. It is made of ebony. . . an instrument of the Kurdish shepherds. From Turkish Armenia." Celtic harp: Also called "Irish or small bardic harp." Cimbalom: Also called "cembalom . . . From Hungary. This is the ancestor of our hammer dulcimer and of our piano. It has forty-eight strings, which are stretched over a large sounding board and sounded with small hammers." Clarinet: Played in place of the "kirnata" by Armenian performer. Daph: Also called deff, def, or "defs . . . the tambourine, used in Greek and Turkish popular orchestras. From Armenia." Dulcimer: "American hammer-type dulcimer with 13 strings." Dumbelek: Also called "dumbeg . . . the hour-glass drum of Syria, played with the fingers." Dvorgrle: Also called "dvogrla . . . a double pipe [flute], with three holes for the right hand and four for the left. From Balkan Peninsula." English guitar: Also called "guitarra portuguesa or Portuguese guitar, this guitar has five strings instead of six, and looks much like the vihuela of the Middle Ages . . . shaped much like our mandolin, with a characteristic fan-shaped tuning mechanism." Guitar: In this collection, guitar occasionally refers to the Spanish guitar or "sonora, a very small form of the guitar." Gusle: Also called "gusla. . . a one-stringed, bowed instrument, whose single string is made of thirty horsehairs. The string is only touched, not depressed, so that harmonics only are sounded. It is held between the legs with the long neck supported on one thigh." Hardanger fiddle: "A small [Norwegian] violin with four sympathetic strings." Harmonica: Also called "mouth harp." Harp-lute: Also called "Swedish lute (known popularly as the ‘double guitar’)." Hawaiian guitar: A guitar with steel strings that are plucked while being pressed with a movable steel bar. Kamanche: Also called "kemancha . . . A small knee fiddle, bowed like a cello with four strings and four sympathetic strings. From Armenia." Lirica: "Small fiddle with three strings, held on the knee and bowed like cello, from Dalmatia." Mandolin: Pear-shaped instrument of the lute family with fretted neck and from four to six pairs of strings. Misnice: Also called "Mjersnice (one from Dalmatia, one from Hezegovina) . . . bagpipes made out of the skin of a goat . . . The chanter is a double pipe with six holes on each side. One pipe is used as the drone and occasionally fingered, the other side used for the tune, in nearly the same register as the drone." Oud: Also called "Oude . . . the modern form of the lute, from Constantinople." Qanun: Also called "Kanoon . . . A plucked instrument not unlike the zither, whose 30 strings may be varied in pitch by the use of small bridges. Its sounding box is half-covered in wood, half in a heavy skin like a drum. It has twenty-three strings all of gut. It is held flat on the knees for playing. From Armenia." San hsien: Also called Chinese long-necked lute, "3 strings . . . small snake-covered head. Saz: "The old Armenian guitar, with three strings, a small oval sounding box and an unusually long neck." Svirala: "A simple six-hole shepherd’s pipe [flute], from Dalmatia." Tar: "A double-bellied guitar from the Caucasus." Triangle: Percussion instrument made of a rod of steel bent into the shape of a triangle, open at one corner, and sounded by striking with a metal rod. Viola d’arame: Also called "Portuguese viola . . . Like the Portuguese [English] guitar, it has five strings which are plucked with the fingers; but it is more like the Spanish guitar in shape, longer and narrower than the instrument the Portuguese call the guitar . . .Traditionally the sound holes are cut in the shape of two small hearts." Yaogu: Also called Chinese temple or flower drum. Yueh ch’in: Also called Moon lute, Chinese lute, or "Moon violin . . . A round plucked string instrument." Zurna: Also called "Surna . . . An oboe whose reeds are interchangeable with the Chinese oboe, whose tone it much resembles. From Armenia." 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